Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MS is a chronic, neurological disease. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease, which means the immune system attacks healthy areas of the body. In MS, these attacks are aimed at the central nervous system.
The central nervous system is made up of nerves covered by a substance called myelin. Myelin is similar to insulation protecting electrical wires because it surrounds and protects nerve fibers. In MS, attacks are random patches of inflammation that occur sporadically in the brain and/or spinal cord, causing a breakdown of the myelin sheath, a process called demyelization that results in plaques or lesions along the myelin sheath that interfere with nerve conduction.
Types of MS
Relapsing-remitting (RRMS): Characterized by partial or total recovery after attacks. RRMS is the most common for of MS. 75 % of people with MS are initially diagnosed with RRMS and many lead active lives with minimal symptoms, while others can be affected more severely.
Secondary progressive (SPMS): Generally follows a RRMS course and marks the point in which MS becomes steadily progressive. At this point, patients have fewer relapses, but disability and MS symptoms increase.
Primary progressive (PPMS): This progressive course of the disease is the most rare – accounting for less than 15% of the cases. From onset, the patient’s MS symptoms and disability progress without remission.
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